Syringe pump with biased lockable syringe clamp

ABSTRACT

A belt driven infusion pump for emptying the contents of a syringe is disclosed. The pump includes a syringe pusher including an antisiphon catch and a pressure detector which is used for detecting occlusions or the end of infusion. A syringe clamp for locking a syringe in place is also provided. The syringe clamp is spring loaded and lockable. A syringe position detector is provided to ensure the proper placement of the syringe prior to and during pumping. A control knob is provided on the face of the pump for controlling both the locking of the syringe barrel clamp and the coupling of the drive belt with a d.c. motor. The pump includes a housing having an elongated slot through which the syringe pusher is connected to the drive belt. A sealing band is connected to the syringe pusher and is moveable with the syringe pusher for sealing the slot against moisture or other contaminants. A pole clamp assembly is incorporated within the pump housing and includes a clamping arm for securing the pole between the clamping arm and the housing. The clamping arm is movable to a storage position where it is substantially flush with the outer surface of the pump housing.

BACKGROUND

This invention relates to infusion pumps for dispensing fluid fromsyringes. More specifically the invention relates to the securing of asyringe for use in an infusion pump so that its contents may be infusedinto a patient.

Infusion pumps are frequently employed in the medical field foradministering fluids such as medications. A typical infusion pumpcomprises a housing, a drive mechanism for pushing the plunger of asyringe and a means for securing the syringe to the housing.

In the prior art, the means for holding the syringe in place for pumpingwas typically a spring loaded clamp or a screw-type clamp. If a springwas used, the force exerted by the spring had to be chosen so that thespring would hold the syringe firmly in place. However, if a very stiffspring was used, it was difficult to open the clamp and place or removethe syringe. A screw type clamp, while securing the syringe effectively,was cumbersome to open and close.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a syringe pumphaving clamp for holding a syringe in an infusion pump very securely,while allowing the easy placement and removal of the syringe.

SUMMARY

The invention is a syringe pump having a clamp for holding a syringe inplace so that the contents of the syringe can be expelled by the pump.The clamp is easily opened and closed and also allows a syringe to beconveniently and easily placed prior to clamping. Minimal force isrequired to place, clamp and remove the syringe.

The invention includes a clamping assembly having a moveable clamp forclamping the syringe to a wall of the syringe pump. The clamp is biasedtowards the wall by a biasing means which provides sufficient force tohold the syringe against the wall. The clamp is lockable by means of alocking means. The locking means is controlled by a control means whichcauses the locking means to lock the clamp so that the syringe is heldtightly between the clamp and the wall. The locking means is preferablya lever. The control means comprises a cam which causes the lever toengage and thus lock the clamp. The locking means preferably comprises atoothed means which engages the clamp to hold the clamp in place in alocked position.

The locking means is biased so that the locking means is normally in anunlocked position and is moved into the locked position against the biasby the control means.

The invention provides the advantages of easy placement and removal ofthe syringe as well as the ability to hold the syringe firmly in placeduring pumping.

Further details of the preferred embodiment of the invention are setforth in the following drawings and detailed description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of the preferred embodiment of aninfusion pump according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of the infusion pump as viewed from theright hand side of the pump of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top perspective view of the infusion pump viewed from thesame point as in FIG. 2 but with the upper housing elements removed;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of the infusion pump with the upper housingelements removed;

FIG. 5A is a close-up perspective view of the syringe holder and driveassembly engagement mechanism in a disengaged state with part of themechanism cut away for clarity;

FIG. 5B is a close-up perspective view of the syringe holder and driveassembly engagement mechanism in an engaged state with part of themechanism cut away for clarity;

FIG. 6 is a top perspective view of the syringe holder and driveassembly engagement mechanism with part of the mechanism cut away forclarity;

FIG. 7 is a top perspective view of the control knob shaft of thepreferred embodiment;

FIG. 8 is a top perspective view of the disengage link of the preferredembodiment;

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of the cradle used in the drive assemblyengagement mechanism of the preferred embodiment;

FIG. 9B is a top perspective view of the cradle taken from a differentangle;

FIG. 10A is a top plan view of the syringe pusher;

FIG. 10B is a top plan view of the syringe pusher showing the pusherswing arm in a different position from that shown in FIG. 10A;

FIG. 11 is a bottom perspective view the syringe pusher;

FIG. 12 is a top perspective view of the pole clamp assembly;

FIG. 13 is a rear perspective view of the clamp part of the pole clampassembly;

FIG. 14A is a top plan view of the pole clamp assembly in the openposition;

FIG. 14B is a top plan view of the pole clamp in the closed position;

FIG. 15A is a bottom plan view of the eccentric of the pole clampassembly; and

FIG. 15B is a bottom perspective view of the eccentric.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings andwill herein be described in detail. Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, aninfusion pump 10 is provided for causing fluid to be pumped from asyringe. A pump of this general type is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,838,857, which is incorporated by reference herein. Such pumps arefrequently employed for administering drugs such as antibiotics over atime. They are preferably capable of accepting several sizes ofsyringes.

Pump 10 includes a housing 12 which is made from a durable, light-weightmaterial. Housing 12 comprises a base 12A, a mid-housing 12B, a batterycompartment cover 12C and a drive mechanism compartment cover 12D. Anintegral handle 14, which may also function as a battery compartment, isdefined by one portion of the housing. A recess 16 is defined by handle14, drive mechanism compartment 18, and a portion of base 12A. Recess 16includes an elongate opening 20 which facilitates use of handle 14. Asyringe pusher 22 is also positioned within recess 16. Syringe pusher 22is adapted for engaging the flanged end of a syringe plunger and movingthe plunger within the barrel of a syringe. The operation of the pusheris described in greater detail below. The recess has an elongatedconfiguration of suitable length and width for accommodating a varietyof syringe sizes.

A pair of control knobs is provided on the front face of the housing. Afirst knob 26 is used for controlling the pump driving mechanism and asyringe clamp to hold the syringe in place during pumping, both of whichare discussed below. A second knob 28 is used to lock and unlock a poleclamp 30, as shown in FIG. 2. Pole clamp 30 is used for securing thepump to an I.V. pole or a rail (not shown).

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a belt/pulley drive mechanism 23 is employedfor driving syringe pusher 22. The drive mechanism 23 includes gearassembly 40 and a d.c. motor 34 including an integral reductionassembly. While a stepper motor could alternatively be employed, a d c.motor is preferred as it requires less power and is controllable in aless expensive and complex manner than a stepper motor. Motor 34 ispowered by an appropriate power source such as the four batteries 36shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The motor may have an integral reduction gearassembly which drives pinion 38. The output shaft of the motor includespinion 38 which is engageable with a gear reduction assembly 40 whichprovides a substantial overall gear reduction. A reduction on the orderof about 15,000:1 is provided by the combined operations of the integralreduction assembly of motor 34 and gear reduction assembly 40.

Gear 42 nearest to pinion 38 is mounted to a cradle 44, as shown inFIGS. 5A. 5B, 6, 9A and 9B. Cradle 44 is pivotably secured to adisengage link 46, which is shown in detail in FIG. 8. A peg 48extending from cradle 44 is positioned within a slotted opening 50within disengage link 46. A first set of opposing openings 52A, 52Bwithin cradle 44 receives shaft 54 about which gear 42 rotates. A secondset of openings 56A, 56B allows cradle 44 to be pivotably secured by pin47 to a projection 58 extending from base 12A. Longitudinal movement ofdisengage link 46 accordingly causes cradle 44 to pivot about an axisextending through pin 47: Cradle 44 and disengage link 46 and theirassociated shafts, pins, springs and accessories are collectivelyreferred to as "engagement means."

Disengage link 46 is positioned between projection 58 and a wall 60which extends from base 12A. The end of disengage link 46 opposite fromslotted opening 50 includes a laterally extending wall 62 having arounded projection 64 extending from an edge portion thereof (See FIG. 6which shows wall 60 and part of disengage link 46 cut away for clarity).Camming projection 64 is engageable with either of two notches formed ina wall 66 extending radially from shaft 68 of the control knob 26,depending upon the rotational position of control knob 26.

As shown in FIG. 4, disengage link 46 is urged in the direction ofpinion 38 by a coil spring 70. When projection 64 is not positionedwithin one of the notches of wall 66, cradle 44 is in a generallyupright position and gear 42 is disengaged from pinion 38, (See FIG. 5Awhich shows wall 60 removed and part of disengage link 46 cut away forclarity). Rotation of control knob 26 to a position where projection 64moves into the notches of wall 66 causes the movement of disengage link46 away from pinion 38. Cradle 44 accordingly rotates about pin 47,causing gear 42 to engage pinion 38. (See FIG. 5B which shows wall 60removed and part of disengage link 46 cut away for clarity). A person ofordinary skill in the art will recognize that the means for engaging themotor and drive mechanism may be implemented in several equivalent ways,including by a clutch mechanism.

The drive mechanism for the pump includes an endless belt 72 which issupported by a drive pulley 74 and an idler pulley 76. Both pulleys aresupported by the walls of base 12A. Drive pulley 74 is engaged with gearreduction assembly 40 and driven thereby. Syringe pusher 22 is securedto belt 72. As discussed above, first knob 26 controls the engagementand disengagement of pinion 38 and gear 42. When engaged, syringe pusher22 can only be moved upon rotation of pinion 38. Neither syringe pusher22 nor belt 72 can be moved manually at this time. When disengaged,syringe pusher 22 can be moved manually to a selected position as gearreduction assembly 40 provides little frictional resistance to rotationof belt 72. This allows pusher 22 to be moved within recess 20 withlittle resistance. A syringe can thus be easily positioned within recess16 without obstruction.

Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4, a clamp assembly 128 for clamping asyringe barrel is shown. In the prior art, such assemblies havegenerally included heavy springs to maintain a syringe in place. Becausethe user must open the clamp assembly to insert or remove a syringe, theforce exerted by the spring must be limited to permit ease of use. Lowerspring forces do not, however, provide effective holding capability. Analternative syringe clamp of the prior art includes a clamp operated bya screw. Such a device is cumbersome and it takes a long time to openand close such a clamp. Existing assemblies accordingly involvecompromises due to these contradictory objectives.

The clamp assembly 128 in accordance with the invention provides bothsecurity and ease of use without compromising either feature. Itincludes a locking mechanism comprising a toothed member 130 which ispivotably secured to base 12A, a spring 132 for resiliently urgingtoothed member 130 about an axis of rotation, a clamping slide 134 forengaging a syringe barrel, and a spring 136 for resiliently urging theslide in a selected direction.

Toothed member 130 preferably includes a toothed surface 138, as bestshown in FIG. 4. This surface is located in opposing relation to atoothed surface 140 of clamping slide 134. Toothed member 130 ispivotable about a pin 142 such that the toothed surface of toothedmember 130 is movable into and out of engagement with the toothedsurface of the slide. Spring 132 urges the toothed member out ofengagement with clamping slide 134.

Referring to FIG. 7, shaft 68 of control knob 26 includes a flatlongitudinal surface 144 at the bottom thereof, the remainder of shaft68 being a substantially cylindrical camming surface 145. Toothed member130 includes an arm 146 which adjoins the bottom portion of shaft 68.The rotational position of flat surface 144 determines whether arm 146engages the flat or cylindrical surface of shaft 68. If flat surface 144is moved into opposing relation with arm 146, spring 132 causes toothedmember 130 to move out of engagement with slide 134. Rotation of shaft68 causes the cylindrical surface to engage arm 146, thereby rotatingtoothed member 130 about pin 142 and into engagement with slide 134.

Slide 134 houses spring 136 which causes it to move into engagement witha syringe barrel. Spring 136 extends between a projection 148 extendingfrom base 12A and an inner wall of slide 134. Slide 134 includes a faceportion 150 having an arcuate surface for accommodating a syringebarrel. Face portion 150 extends vertically with respect to base 12A andis positioned within recess 16.

While a linear slide 134 is disclosed, a person of ordinary skill in theart would be able to implement this aspect of the invention in severalequivalent ways, for example by substituting a rotatable clamping memberfor slide 134.

The orientation of wall 66, flat portion 144 and camming surface 145 ofshaft 68 determine the order of the engagement of gear 42 with pinion 38and toothed member 130 with toothed surface 140. Wall 66, flat portion144 and camming surface 145 can be oriented such that (1) gear 42 andpinion 38 mesh simultaneously with each other when flat portion 144causes toothed member 130 to engage with toothed surface 140; (2) gear42 and pinion 38 mesh only once toothed member 130 and toothed surface140 engage or (3) gear 42 and pinion 38 mesh before toothed member 130and toothed surface 140 engage. Wall 66, flat portion 144 and cammingsurface 145 can also be oriented so that gear 42 and pinion 38 can beengaged and disengaged while toothed member 130 and toothed surface 140remain engaged. The preferred embodiment option (1) is described hereinwith the understanding that a person of ordinary skill in the art wouldeasily be able to modify the device to accomplish options (2) and (3).

The same result could also be achieved by a person or ordinary skill inthe art by substituting an equivalent electrical or electromagneticsystem for the mechanical system disclosed herein to engage anddisengage the drive mechanism and to lock and unlock slide 134.

Before or after securing the pump 10 to the pole, control knob 26 isturned to a "release" position if not already in such a position. Afilled syringe is positioned in recess 16 of the pump housing such thatthe flange of the syringe barrel extends within slot 152. Syringe pusher22 is then manually engaged and moved into position against the flangedend of the syringe plunger. The flange of the syringe plunger is clampedbetween lip 82 of the swing arm 80 and one of the projections 94, 96extending from bottom wall 98 of the pusher housing.

When in the "release" position, notched wall 66 extending from shaft 68of control knob 26 exerts no pressure upon the disengage link 46. Coilspring 70 accordingly positions disengage link 46 such that cradle 44 issubstantially upright and gear 42 of gear reduction assembly 40 isdisengaged from pinion 38 extending from d.c. motor 34. In addition,toothed member 130 rides upon flat surface 144 of the shaft of controlknob 26, allowing spring 132 to maintain toothed member 130 out ofengagement with slide 134 of syringe clamp assembly 128. The on offswitch for the motor is, of course, in the "off" mode at this time dueto the position of motor on/or switch 214 with respect to a switchactuating peg 216 which extends radially from the shaft of control knob26. On off switch 214 is shown as actuated by control knob 26, but canof course be actuated by a separate control.

Two additional settings are provided in accordance with the preferredembodiment of the invention, "motor off" and "motor run". When controlknob 26 is turned from "release" to "motor off", the curved portion ofthe bottom of shaft 68 engages toothed member 130, thereby urging itinto engagement with slide 134 of syringe clamp assembly 128. Radiallyextending wall 66 of shaft 68 simultaneously engages laterally extendingwall 62 of disengage link 46, urging disengage link 46 away from gearassembly 40. These two actions cause syringe clamp assembly 128 to belocked in position and gear reduction assembly 40 to engage pinion 38via gear 42 mounted to the cradle 44. Control knob 26 is maintained inthe "motor off" position as one of the two notches within wall 66receives rounded projection 64 of disengage link 46.

Control knob 26 may be turned to a second detent (run) position whereinrounded projection 64 moves within the second notch of wall 66 extendingradially from control knob shaft 68. The positions of disengage link 46and toothed member 130 are the same whether control knob 26 is in the"motor off" or "motor run" position. When moved to the "run" position,however, peg 216 extending from the shaft 68 of control knob 26 engagesmotor on/off switch 214, thereby causing motor 34 to operate.

It is important to insure that a syringe is properly positioned prior tooperating the pump. Both the plunger flange and the syringe barrelflange must be properly engaged to insure proper positioning. The systemfor detecting whether the plunger flange is properly engaged isdescribed below with respect to syringe pusher 22. Means are alsoprovided for insuring that the syringe barrel flange is properlypositioned before the motor 34 is allowed to operate.

Syringe pusher 22 is shown in greatest detail in FIGS. 10A, 10B and 11.FIG. 10B shows pusher 22 as positioned when engaging the flanged end ofa syringe plunger while FIG. 10A shows it in the fully closed positionwhere no plunger would be engaged.

Syringe pusher 22 includes a housing 78 to which a swing arm 80 ispivotably mounted. Swing arm 80 includes a lip 82 suitable for engagingthe flange of a syringe plunger. A spring 84 is secured to a peg 86extending from the opposite end of swing arm 80, and urges it towardsthe position shown in FIG. 10A. A first switch 88 is mounted to housing78 for detecting the position of swing arm 80. Different signals areaccordingly provided depending upon whether arm 80 is in the positionshown in FIG. 10A or FIG. 10B. The presence or absence of a syringe mayaccordingly be detected. In addition, the user will be alerted as towhether the syringe plunger flange is properly engaged. The latterfeature is important in that swing arm 80 provides anti siphonprotection. In other words, the syringe plunger cannot be moved on itsown while clamped to syringe pusher 22 and while motor pinion 38 isengaged as described above.

A lever 90 is also pivotably mounted to syringe pusher housing 78. Lever90 is positioned adjacent to a second switch 92 which provides a signalwhen an occlusion is detected or when the syringe plunger has reachedthe end of the bottom of the syringe barrel. A cover 93 is secured tohousing 78 for protecting lever 90 and switches 88, 92.

A pair of projections 94, 96 is secured to lever 90 and extends througha pair of openings in bottom wall 98 of housing 78. First projection 94is longer than second projection 96 and is positioned closer to pivot100 about which lever 90 rotates. A spring 102 resiliently urges lever90 towards bottom wall 98 of housing 78. It will be appreciated that agreater force is required to move lever 90 when first projection 94 isused to apply a force to it than when the second projection 96 is soemployed. The projections are accordingly positioned such that theflanged end of a relatively large syringe mounted to the pump willengage first projection 94 while the flanged end of a relatively smallsyringe will engage second projection 96. A greater force is accordinglyrequired to actuate switch 92 when a large syringe is in place than whena small syringe is employed. This is desirable as a greater force isrequired to drive the plunger of a large syringe than a small syringeunder normal operating conditions. A correspondingly larger force shouldbe necessary to generate an occlusion signal when a large syringe isbeing emptied than when a small syringe is emptied.

As discussed above, syringe pusher 22 is secured to belt 72. Aconnecting member 104, as best shown in FIG. 9, extends from housing 78.Connecting member 104 includes three projections 106, 108, 110. Belt 72is positioned between projections 106, 108, 110 such that the toothedsurface thereof engages a toothed surface 112 of lower projection 110.Connecting member 104 extends through an elongate slot 112 (FIG. 1) inhousing 12 which adjoins recess 16 in which a syringe may be positioned.A channel 114 is defined by the connecting member. The channel receivesthe upper edge of a wall of the mid-housing 12B. The opposite end of thesyringe pusher 22 includes a projection 116 which rides upon anotherupper edge of the mid housing 12B. A relatively narrow, elongate slot118 is defined within handle 14 for receiving projection 116. Syringepusher 22 is accordingly supported at both ends by mid housing 12B.

A resilient, semi rigid, elongate band 120, as best shown in FIG. 3, isprovided for covering slot 112. Band 120 is preferably opaque, andincludes a plurality of openings 122 extending through at least aportion thereof. Band 120 is sufficient in length and width to cover theentire slot regardless of the position of syringe pusher 22. Arectangular notch 124 is provided within the band for receivingconnecting member 104 of syringe pusher 22. Band 120 is accordinglymovable with the syringe pusher about a generally oval path. Mid housing12B may include a slotted wall (not shown) for guiding band 120 aboutthe path shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.

Band 120 is preferably employed for several purposes in addition toserving as a liquid barrier. It accordingly includes openings 122 whichare equidistantly spaced. Lines may be printed upon band 120 in lieu ofthe openings. A detector 126 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is positionedadjacent to band 120 and detects each opening as the band moves with thesyringe pusher. Detector 126 and band openings 122 function incombination to insure that the syringe pusher has not become detachedfrom the belt and that the syringe pusher is, in fact, moving as motor34 is operating. They also allow the injection rate to be determined asthe rate at which the openings 122 pass by detector 126 is detected.Portions of band 120 which do not pass by detector 126 need not beprovided with openings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a slot 152 is formed within the drive mechanismcompartment cover 12D and the mid housing 12B. A generally curved wall157 is provided in mid-housing 12B such that a syringe barrel may beplaced and clamped against curved wall 157. First and second projectingwalls 154, 156 bound slot 152 First wall 154 projects away from theplane of curved wall 157 a distance approximately equal to the thicknessof the barrel wall of a syringe. Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, apivotably mounted sensor link 158 is positioned in curved wall 157 justbelow second wall 156 in opposing relation to the face portion 150 ofthe slide. Sensor link 158 extends through a slot 159 adjoining thesecond wall 156, and is engageable by a syringe only if the flangethereof is positioned within slot 152 between walls 154, 156. First wall154 thus prevents sensor link 158 from being engaged by the barrel of asyringe unless the flange thereof is within slot 152 and the syringebarrel lies flush against curved wall 157. If not so positioned, wall154 engages the syringe barrel so that it is spaced from the sensor link158. A detector 160 is positioned adjacent to the sensor link. Detector160 is closed when the flange of a syringe barrel is properly positionedwith slot 152 and barrel wall engages sensor link 158.

Lever 90 and associated switch 92 of the syringe pusher function inconjunction with a second switch 162. This switch 162 is positioned ator slightly above a point corresponding to the position of the plungerof the largest size syringe to be employed within the pump when itreaches the end of the syringe barrel. Switch 162 is closed byconnecting member 104 of the syringe pusher 22 as it nears the end ofits travel within the recess 16.

The signal provided by switch 162 does not, by itself, cause the pump tostop operating or cause any alarms to be sounded. This is because thesignal is generally provided while there is still fluid within thesyringe barrel. It is only when switch 92 within the syringe pusher alsoprovides a signal that the motor 34 is shut off and an end of infusionalarm is generated.

Unlike an occlusion, which requires prompt attention, the end ofinfusion does not ordinarily require immediate action on the part of amedical staff. It is accordingly desirable to distinguish between thealarms to be provided for these respective conditions. Pump 10accordingly includes the necessary hardware for allowing a more urgentalarm to be generated in the event of occlusions than is generated atthe end of infusion. If signals are generated by both switches 92, 162,a non urgent alarm can be provided. If a signal is received only fromthe switch 92 within the syringe pusher, a different and more urgentalarm can be generated.

As discussed above, a syringe is positioned within recess 16 such thatthe flange of the syringe plunger is engaged by lip 82 of swing arm 80of syringe pusher 22 and the flange of the syringe barrel is positionedwithin notch 152. Actuation of motor 34 causes rotation of pinion 38,the gears comprising gear reduction assembly 40, and, in turn, drivepulley 74 to which drive belt 72 is mounted. Movement of drive belt 72causes syringe pusher 22 to move the syringe plunger into the syringebarrel, thereby causing fluid to be displaced outwardly from the barrel.The syringe pusher moves at a steady speed until the syringe barrel hasbeen emptied completely, unless an occlusion occurs beforehand. As itmoves, band 120 moves with it, thereby preventing contaminants fromentering the pump housing through slot 112. Openings 122 of band 120 aredetected by detector 126 in order to insure that syringe pusher 22 is,in fact, moving with belt 72. A typical syringe pusher speed may beabout five to six inches per hour, though the pump may be designed tooperate at different or variable speeds chosen by the operator,depending upon its intended use.

Assuming normal operation, syringe pusher 22 moves downwardly throughrecess 16 and closes end of infusion switch 162 when it approaches theend of its travel. Switch 162 is maintained in the closed position whilethe syringe pusher 22 urges the syringe plunger into engagement with theend of the syringe barrel. Further movement of syringe pusher 22 fromthis point causes lever 90 to be displaced until it closes "occlusion"switch 92. The closure of "occlusion" switch 92 causes motor 34 to bedisconnected from the power supply. Such disconnection may be effectedthrough the use of a microprocessor or mechanical means, the formerbeing preferred.

The use of microprocessors, alarms and displays in connection withmedical infusion devices is well known to the art, and need not bediscussed in detail with respect to the present invention. U.S. Pat. No.4,838,857, for example, discloses one such microprocessor controlledpump having alarms for indicating problems, such as occlusions, anddisplays for alerting the operator to various pump conditions.

If lever 90 is caused to close "occlusion" switch 92 before end ofinfusion switch 162 is closed, a signal is generated indicating theoccurrence of an occlusion. Such a signal causes a different alarmand/or display to be generated than when "occlusion" switch 92 is closedafter the end of infusion switch.

The syringe may be removed once emptied by turning control knob 26 tothe "release" position. This action releases both toothed member 130from slide 134 of the syringe clamp assembly 128 and reduction gearassembly 40 from pinion 38 extending from motor 34. Pusher 22 and swingarm 80 thereof may then be displaced with respect to the syringeplunger, and slide 134 displaced with respect to the pump housing. Thesyringe is easily removed once these retaining elements have been moved.

FIGS. 12-15B show the pole clamp 30 and the mechanism for moving thepole clamp between a storage position where it is substantially flushwith pump housing 12, as shown in FIG. 14B, and a deployed position asshown in FIG. 14A. As discussed above, the pole clamp is operated byturning knob 28 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

The pole clamp 30 has a generally L shaped construction, the longersection thereof being slidably mounted within a recess 164 within base12A. A generally rectangular opening 166 extends through the longersection of pole clamp 30. A rectangular protrusion 168 extends withinopening 166 at a corner thereof.

A wall 170 having a surface 172 including ratchet teeth extends from asurface of pole clamp 30 towards the drive mechanism compartment cover12D. Wall 170 adjoins the lower edge of the pole clamp 30 and extendsbelow a recessed area 174 therein.

The clamping surface 32 of pole clamp 30 facing the drive mechanismcompartment cover 12D includes centrally located recessed area 174 whichis bounded by a peripheral wall 176. Opening 166 extends throughrecessed area 174 while toothed wall 170 extends from peripheral wall176. A carriage 178 is slidably positioned within recessed area 174.Carriage 178 includes an oval opening 180 which is aligned with aportion of opening 166 extending through pole clamp 30. An arcuaterecess 182 is formed within carriage 178 near the inner end thereof. Anintegral peg 184 extends from carriage, and is located adjacent to thearcuate recess.

A pawl 186 is pivotably mounted to peg 184. Pawl 186 includes a set ofratchet teeth 188 which are engageable with toothed surface 172 of wall170 extending from pole clamp 30. A peg 190 extends from pawl 186 andinto arcuate recess 182. A spring 192 positioned within arcuate recess182 engages peg 190, thereby urging pawl 186 towards engagement withtoothed surface 172 of wall 170. Clamp 30 is thereby releasably lockedto carriage 178.

Referring to FIG. 13, the side of pole clamp 30 opposite to wall 170includes an elongate slot 194 extending along an edge thereof. A peg 196extends from the inner end of slot 194. As shown in FIGS. 10, 12A and12B, a slot 198 is provided within base 12A which at least partiallyoverlaps slot 194 in pole clamp 30. A peg 200 extends from one end ofslot 198. A extension spring 202 is secured to pegs 196, 200 andresiliently urges pole clamp 30 towards the open position shown in FIG.14A.

Referring to FIGS. 15A and 15B, knob 28 for controlling the pole clamp30 is shown without the cap portion thereof. Knob 28 includes acylindrical shaft 204 having a notch 206 defined in the lower endthereof. The shaft is secured to an eccentric cam 208. The axis ofeccentric cam 208 is offset from that of shaft 204 by about an eighth ofan inch. Shaft 204 is rotatably fixed to housing 12. Eccentric cam 208is positioned within oval opening 180 of carriage 178 while the notchedend portion extends within elongate opening 166 within pole clamp 30.The purpose of oval opening 180 is simply to provide clearance foreccentric cam 208. Lateral movement of carriage 178 is restricted by thedegree to which eccentric is offset from the axis of shaft 204. A peg209 extends radially from eccentric cam 208.

In operation, pump 10 is placed in adjoining relation to an I.V. pole210 (shown cut in two for clarity) or the like in the manner shown inFIG. 14A. Pole clamp 30 is manually pushed inwardly until the I.V. poleabuts against both the shorter section of pole clamp 30 and recessedside 212 of the pump. The teeth on upper surface 172 of wall 170 areoriented such that they slide along pawl 186 as pole clamp 30 is movedwith respect to carriage 178. The engagement of pawl 186 and surface 172prevents pole clamp 30 from moving open again under the force of spring202. Knob 28 is then turned about ninety degrees, causing eccentric cam208 to move carriage 178 and pole clamp 30 by an additional fraction ofan inch (i.e. the offset of the axis of eccentric cam 208 from that ofshaft 204) towards pole 210. Clamp 30 is thus tightened against pole 210which tightly clamped between clamping surface 32 of pole clamp 30 andrecessed side 212 of the pump. When knob 28 is rotated by 90° the axesof eccentric cam 208 and shaft 204 are horizontally in line with eachother. Since pawl 184 is pivoted at peg 184, at a point above uppersurface 172 of wall 172, teeth 188 of pawl 186 will tend to preventdisengagement of pawl 186 from the teeth of upper surface 172.

Pole clamp 30 is constructed such that knob 28 cannot be turned untilpole clamp 30 is pushed in towards the I.V. pole from its fully extendedposition. As shown in FIG. 12A, the protrusion 168 is positioned withinnotch 206 when pole clamp 30 is fully extended. Knob 28 can only beturned when protrusion 168 is moved out of the notch.

The pump may be removed from the I.V. pole by turning knob 28 in theopposite direction from that used to tighten the clamp. The initialrotation of knob 28 causes pole clamp 30 to move outwardly a fraction ofan inch due to the movement of eccentric cam 208. Further rotationcauses peg 209 extending from eccentric 208 to engage pawl 186 androtate it about peg 184 extending from carriage 178. The teeth of pawl186 are thereby disengaged from those of upper surface 172. Upon suchdisengagement, spring 202 causes pole clamp 30 to move to the fullyextended position where the pump can easily be removed from the pole.

Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is tobe understood that the invention is not limited to those preciseembodiments, and that various other changes and modifications may beeffected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from thescope or spirit of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A syringe pump for pumping fluid from a syringe,the syringe having a barrel and a plunger, the syringe pump comprising asyringe pump wall, a syringe clamp assembly for clamping a syringe tothe wall, and a pusher for driving the syringe plunger, said syringeclamp assembly comprising:a moveable clamp actuable directly on part ofthe syringe barrel for clamping the syringe to the wall; clamp biasingmeans for biasing the clamp towards the wall wherein the clamp biasingmeans exerts a force on the clamp towards the wall thereby holding partof the syringe barrel between the clamp and the wall; locking means forreleasably locking the clamp so that when the locking means is locked,the syringe is clamped between the clamp and the wall; control means formoving the locking means from a released position in which the clamp isloosely biased towards the wall by the clamp biasing means, to a lockedposition in which the clamp is locked and firmly holds the syringeagainst the wall.
 2. The syringe pump of claim 1 further comprising lockbiasing means for biasing the locking means with a biasing force so thatthe control means causes the locking means to move into the lockedposition from the released position against the biasing force of thelock biasing means.
 3. The syringe pump of claim 1 wherein the lockingmeans comprises:toothed means for locking the clamp, the toothed meansbeing engageable with the clamp and wherein the toothed means engagesthe clamp when the locking means is in the locked position.
 4. Thesyringe pump of claim 3 wherein the locking means comprises a toothedsurface engageable with the toothed means.
 5. The syringe pump of claim1 wherein the locking means comprises a lever and the control meanscomprises camming means for urging the locking means into the lockedposition.
 6. A syringe pump for pumping fluid from a syringe, thesyringe having a barrel and a plunger, the pump comprising a pusher fordriving the syringe plunger and a clamp assembly for clamping thesyringe, the clamp assembly comprising:a wall and, a moveable clampactuable directly on part of the syringe barrel for clamping the syringeto the wall; clamp biasing means for biasing the clamp towards the wall,wherein the clamp biasing means exerts a force on the clamp towards thewall, thereby holding part of the syringe between the clamp and thewall; locking means for locking and unlocking the clamp comprising abiased lever and toothed means mounted on the lever wherein the toothedmeans is engageable with the clamp; control means comprising cammingmeans for moving the locking means between an unlocked position in whichthe lever is biased away from the toothed means and a locked position inwhich the toothed means engages the clamp, wherein in the lockedposition the syringe is firmly held against the wall.
 7. A syringe pumpcomprising a housing and a syringe clamp assembly for securing a syringeto the housing, said syringe clamp assembly comprising:a wall; a clamp,the clamp and the wall being oriented in relation to each other suchthat the syringe can be clamped to the wall when the syringe is placedbetween the clamp and the wall; clamp biasing means for biasing theclamp towards the wall wherein the clamp biasing means exerts a force onthe clamp towards the wall; a locking mechanism for releasably lockingthe clamp so that when the locking means is locked, the syringe isclamped between the clamp and the wall; a control mechanism adapted tomove the locking mechanism from a released position in which the isloosely biased towards the wall by the clamp biasing means, to a lockedposition in which the clamp is locked and firmly holds the syringeagainst the wall.
 8. The syringe pump of claim 7 further comprising lockbiasing means for biasing the locking mechanism with a biasing force sothat the control mechanism causes the locking mechanism to move into thelocked position from the released position against the biasing force ofthe lock biasing means.
 9. The syringe pump of claim 7 wherein thelocking mechanism comprises:toothed means for locking the clamp, thetoothed means being engageable with the clamp and wherein the toothedmeans engages the clamp when the locking mechanism is in the lockedposition.
 10. The syringe pump of claim 9 wherein the locking mechanismcomprises a toothed surface engageable with the toothed means.
 11. Thesyringe pump of claim 7 wherein the locking mechanism comprises a leverand the control mechanism comprises a cam for urging the lockingmechanism into the locked position.